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Buy Essay Online, Essay Writing Service, Write My Essay

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Jumping the Life to Come - Literature Essay Samples

A central theme of William Shakespeares Macbeth is the title characters willingness to accept his fate. Macbeths attitude toward the prophecies of the witches varies depending on how much he likes the prediction. At first, he follows along with the prophecies that say he will become king, murdering his way to the position, but when they foretell his death and lack of heirs, he tries to stop the course of fate. His methods are bloody ones, and throughout the play he must faceor ignorethe morality of his actions. When Macbeth moves from working for fate to working against it, his feeling of guilt moves from great to small as he grows callous and willfully heads toward his damnation. Whether Macbeth has had any thoughts of killing Duncan before he hears the prophecy that he himself shall be king is unclear, but he certainly thinks this very soon after hearing the witches. Though he thinks about the murder often, he refuses to let himself acknowledge it. Speaking to Banquo, he shakes it off as things forgotten, and he wants the eye to wink at the hand. Macbeth both wants to fulfill and to avoid fate. The prophecies are enough to make him think about the deed, but not enough to make him do it. Even the very thought of killing Duncan doth unfix [his] hair. He is inherently opposed to the killing because it disrupts the natural order of things, as he is Duncans host and thegn, but that is not the only reason. Many of Macbeths fears of acting to achieve his fate stem from not moral compunctions but worries of what else his fate may bring. He is afraid of his own damnation for killing such a good king as Duncan, and Cawdor also serves as an example for his possible fate on earth. He knows that he cannot escape divine justice, and decides to keep from his fate as it was stated by the witches. He is stuck in a dilemma: he can try to buck his fate of becoming king or that of going to heaven. It is the action and not the consequence that he eventually favors, for Lady Macbe th convinces him. Lady Macbeth herself becomes an instrument of fate without much urging. As soon as she hears what the witches told her husband, she invokes spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, putting herself firmly in the area of the fate-serving witches. She dwells on their prophecy as the all-hail hereafter, considering what Macbeth thought could be neither good nor ill to be unequivocally good. She is not swayed by Macbeths multiple protestations, and answers all his doubts. She, by following fate, gets him to act. When he finally does decide to kill Duncan, Macbeth is instantly beset by guilt. He imagines that a bloody dagger is floating in the air before him directing him to Duncans room. He fears that the paving stones themselves will speak of his intentions, hears noises, and fears that he is lost to God. After the murder, he had most need of blessing, and Amen stuck in [his] throat. He has done the deed, and at this point has lost his hope of salvation. Just after the m urder, his state is mocked by the porter, who is drunk and fancies himself the keeper of hells gate. He constantly babbles about hell, and rather anachronistically mentions an equivocator, who committed treasonyet could not equivocate to heaven. This bit of comic relief is Macbeths situation in a nutshell. He has chosen his fate, carried by the evil witches. He is lost, and his guilt is really the fear of the consequences. The first consequence is his lack of sleep. Sleep is innocent and has a variety of healthful applications, such as a balm of hurt minds, which Macbeth could stand to have, but his separation from grace keeps him from peace of mind. Because he has murdered sleep, he must live in dread of the result. Sleep is also deaths counterfeit reminding Macbeth that he can not hope to have a calm death or afterlife. Lady Macbeths reaction to this is to scoff at his fear of the afterlife, considering the devil painted and the dead but as pictures. Her method of dealing with g uilt is refusing to see it. But as for Macbeth, is not surprising that he begins an attempt to change the course of his life. His damnation is hanging over him, and he realizes that it is for nothing. He reminds himself that the witches said Banquos children would become kings, not his own. He therefore decides to fight against this earthly fate, but not his eventual one. What he calls a result of this decision will nicely double as a reason for it: he is stepped in blood too far to repent of his actions. To take another quote out of context, blood will have blood. Macbeth is caught in killings. His guilt is the initiate fear that wants hard use and will soon vanish once he has killed enough. He murders and tries to change his fate because to do so would blind him to his guilt. At this moment he freely chooses to try the impossible. Before, he had done all he could to make his fate come about; now, he thwarts it. Lady Macbeths reaction to her husbands own switching of ideas toward fate is a reversal of her previous attitudes toward killing. Now that Macbeth is fighting fate, she fights him. Before, she suggested the murder and he gave excuses against it, but now he speaks of killing, brushes aside her objections, and even notices that she starts at the thought. As a crime against fate, the murder cannot sit well with one who, like Lady Macbeth, is devoted to vindicating fate. She has accepted fate and does not try to fight it, and so feels real fear and worry not of hell, but of something greater, an attempt not only to destroy the natural order, or Gods law, as Duncans murder was, but the overruling laws of fate. Despite Macbeths efforts, what comes of the murder is not a blow to fate, but rather a vindication of it. Fleance, who will become king of Scotland, is not killed. Banquo, whom the witches said would never gain the throne, is. Macbeths vision of Banquos ghost reminds him of this. Upon seeing it, he is chiefly afraid that the other guests will see it too and know that he committed the crime. He is still afraid of retribution, but also about his success at changing his fate, and so decides to seek out the witches to tell him more about it. He is prepared to know/By the worst means the worst. He will consort with evil, taking him further along its path, merely to learn that it is futile to change his destiny. Indeed, he will at this point do anything to learn his fate. He commands the witches to tell it to him, even if they have to let [the winds] fight against the churches, the source of salvation, before they even refuse him. He wants to know the truth directly from the spirits, not the weyard sisters. He speaks directly to them, something not even the witches do. As he speaks, he tries to demand information of the spirits, which the witches warn him he cannot. He tries to learn more of his fate than is possible. When he demands information that is not in his favor, such as whether Banquos line will ever reign in Scotland, h e immediately wishes he had never known it. The witches had told him the answer before, but this time he is faced with an image of Banquos descendants. The sight is so horrible to Macbeth that it does sear [his] eyeballs. He deals with the truth by pretending he never saw it. As Macbeth is now blind to his fate, so too is he blind to his guilt. He orders the murder of Macduff and his family, but can only kill his wife and son. Even the murder of Banquo, which occurred under similar circumstances, did its job to bring about fate, but this action is a futile attempt to change Macbeths destiny, and merely kills a child and woman of no threat to him. And unlike in the murders of Banquo and Duncan, Macbeth does not soliloquize about his guilt and fear. He has already committed himself to the path of changing his fate, and now is slowly realizing that this is impossible. At the beginning of Act V, Macbeth believes in his invulnerability as predicted in the prophecies so firmly and wildly that it borders on the intentionally self-deceiving. Yet as soon as Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane, the impossible condition that would give the lie to Macbeths immorality, he begins to despair. Fate mocks him by having the most unlikely things happen before his future would change. As it dawns on Macbeth that there is nothing he can do to change his fate, he refuses to fight any longer. Lady Macbeths death is what shocks (or rather, fails to shock) Macbeth into seeing the bleakness of his fate. Lady Macbeth, instrument of fate, firm believer in the prophecies, has recognized what is happening to her husband and killed herself. As Macbeth blinds himself to guilt, she opens her eyes to it. Yet the flavor of her guilt is not of fearfor if it was, she hardly would have damned herself further by committing suicidebut of simply being unable to live with blood on her hands. She cannot deal with the actions that she and Macbeth (really Macbethshe faults herself for the murder of Duncan, which she urged but did not commit, and of Lady Macduff, which she opposed) have committed. Fate is no longer supporting Macbeths rise; it has abandoned him because of his failure to come to terms with his guilt. Lady Macbeth acknowledged her deeds and killed herself out of a guilty conscience, but Macbeth, at the very end, refuses to yield to Macduff. He may accept the futility of fighting his destiny, but he does it anyway. Macbeths decision to fight Macduff, by fighting against what he has resigned himself to, shows an acceptance of his own guilt. He is fighting against the completely unquestionable end that fate has predicted for him. A forest has moved and a man not born of woman has appearedthese are not events that Macbeth can consider coincidence. He must face his fate. When he shouts, and damned be him who first cries, Hold, enough! Macbeth is already damned, there is nothing left for him to do but fight this fate, and in the fighting, damn himself again. He does not cry a nything, but at the end of the fight he has both played out his destiny and gone to hell. Macbeth has turned his struggle against fate and fight against guilt into the same fight, and lost it. The struggle of Macbeth to gain his fate is one that he could not have lost. The one to fight it is one that he could not have won. His actions, while inconsequential on the level of the grand scheme of things, are tremendously important on the personal level of the fate of his own soul. That fate is not predetermined, and is the only thing that Macbeth really has control over. While chance may crown him, it is Macbeth who decides his own ultimate end.

Phl/215 Philosophy Matrix - 988 Words

University of Phoenix Material Philosophy Matrix Field | Definition | Historical Developments | Schools Of Thought | Key Contributors | Principal Issues | Epistemology | The study of knowledge: What constitutes knowledge, the nature of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible | Pre-Socratics observe and seek to define physical phenomena.Socrates studied human behavior and tried to determine the essential nature of knowledge.Aristotle sought to categorize his observations.The Scientific RevolutionNewtonian influencesFreudian influence | SkepticismRealismConceptualismNominalismEmpiricismRationalismAbsolute†¦show more content†¦| Social | The study of society and its institutions, including what would make up an ideal society. | Greek democracyNatural law becomes Christianized and is seen as the moral law of God.Environmental concernsSocial justice | Natural LawContractarian theoryEnvironmental philosophy | AugustineAquinasHobbesRousseauSmithTaylorMillMooreRawlsNussbaum | How should goods be distributed in a society?Do people have natural rights? | Political | The study of the state, its justification, and how to organize it ethically | Greek democracyPlato’s RepublicSocial contractSeparation of power | DemocracyConstitutional TheoryClassic LiberalismMarxismAnarchismLibertarianismObjectivism | PlatoAristotleMachiavelliLockeHegelMarxNozickRand | What form of political state is best?Can a government restrict the liberty of its citizens? | Structuralism | The study of the rules and conventions of the language and cultural mythology that govern large social systems | Saussure applied linguistics to epistemology.Levi-Strauss applied Saussure’s methods to cultural mythology. | Semiotics | SaussureLevi-Strauss | Study of the deepShow MoreRelatedPHL 215 Version 6 Moral Social And Political Philosophy Matrix And Essay Parts 1 2 2 2993 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Moral, Social, and Political Philosophy Matrix and Essay Part 1 Matrix: Analyze moral, social, and political philosophy by completing the following matrix. Provide a definition of the branch of philosophy as given in a philosophical source (the readings, supplemental materials, or outside academic sources) and list a minimum of three historical developments, theories, key contributors, and principal issues. Bullet point answers are acceptable.

The Media Helps to Construct National Identity and Loyal...

The media helps to construct national identity and loyal national subjects. Discuss. Introduction In the twenty first century, the media has been transformed into a highly influential tool and segmented to aspects such as print, broadcast, film, outdoor and internet etc. The relationship between the media and construction of national identity is apparent with distinctive representation of nationalism in news coverage of politics, celebrations, tourism and country heritage (Leong, 2001). National identity is the transmission of each generation’s legacy to the next and the enabling of the nation citizen to take pride and identification of the country (Stephan, 2009). A nation positive unique identity breeds patriotism which consequently†¦show more content†¦As such the Singapore flag, pledge and anthem together with the National Day visual display of patriotism and flags on the building are promoted daily in schools and annually on 9th of August with much elaboration and significance. Therefore, it can be seen that media in Singapore are essential tools to promote national identity while supporting the ruling party political regime. Singapore then Prime Minister proposed that the press should support national goals and he states that: â€Å"we want mass media to reinforce, not undermine, the cultural values and social attitudes being inculcated in out school and universities† (Lee, 1971). For that reason, most of Singapore media today is under control of the government or government-linked corporations and are the principal instrument in creating social and political stability as well as advocating government policies and instilling nationalism (Leong, 2001). Also, the government uses Roger Protection Motivation theory (Severin Tankard 1992, p.159) by arousing fear to help influence the cognition, attitude and behaviors intention through the severity, probability and efficacy of an event (Rogers, 1983). Fear appeal like self-censorship; out-of-bound markers and hefty defamation suit are used extensively to control the media and prevent dissenting criticism or anything that will deconstruct the nation identity and subject loyalty. As such, lesser negativity on the nation willShow MoreRelatedSocial Media as a Public Relations Tool in Fashion Industry5164 Words   |  21 PagesCHAPTER 1 1. INTRODUCTION Social media refers to the means of interactions among people in which they create, share, and exchange information and ideas through internet. It could be in the form of magazines, web-blogs, wikis, social networks , podcasts, photographs or pictures, videos, et cetera.. Social media is the easiest, fastest, and the most explosive way to transmit and receive information. Thus they have an immense influence on people, through which brands and orgaisationsRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagescompete on price, directly affects the motivation to build brands. The second reason, the proliferation of competitors, reduces the positioning options available and makes implementation less effective. The third and fourth reasons, the fragmentation in media and markets and the involvement of multiple brands and products, describe the context of building brands today, a context that involves a growing level of complexity. The remaining reasons reflect internal pressures that inhibit brand buildingRead Moredigital marketing impact on consumer buying behavior13654 Words   |  55 Pagesrelationships (Vargo and Lusch 2004). Technological innovations, new channels, and changing media environments facilitate this shift (Bhattacharya and Bolton 2000), and the question of how firms should interact with their customers is gaining in importance, especially as firms consider the cost differences between traditional communications media, such as television and sales forces, and electronic media, such as the Web and email (Reinartz et al. 2005). The cost efficiency and interactivity ofRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 Pagesedge over your peers because you can apply the real-life concepts and techniques you learn directly to your day to day work. You can also form important relationships with this influential community as well as with your fellow students, which will help build your professional networks. Kaplan Higher Education is part of Kaplan, Inc., a leading global education provider, which serves more than one million students in 30 countries each year. By studying with us you are now part of this global connectionRead MoreSocial Media Impact on Business10631 Words   |  43 PagesContents: 1. Introduction 2 2. Social Media and Business 2 3. Types of Social Media and Their Importance for Companies 4 4. Social Media Functionality Blocks and Their Implications for Companies 7 5. Social Media and Information Half-life and Depth 10 6. LinkedIn Poll 12 7. 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REFERENCES 24 26 26 27 28 30 32 32 32 33 34 34 34 35 36 38 39 39 40 41    4       1. INTRODUCTION This is the first section of the thesis, which has the purpose of giving the readers an insight into the specific subject area andRead MoreCulture of Proctor and Gamble7701 Words   |  31 PagesAppropriately †¢ The Government as a Customer †¢ Treating Competitors Appropriately †¢ Fair Competition †¢ Advertising and Promoting to Consumers Appropriately 4. Consumer Privacy and Confidentiality †¢ Confidentiality †¢ Consumer Privacy 5. Communicating with the Media 6. Research Involving Animals D. Respect in Society and Our Communities 1. Community Relations 2. Support of Universal Human Rights E. 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Patents Technological Progress Globalized -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Patents Technological Progress Globalized? Answer: Introducation Patent troll is an individual or entity that declares a patent aggressively against an entity or organization that offers a service or product. The patent troll in simple terms possess the patent and does not offer the product or produce the service represented in the patent. Patent trolls are also known as non-practicing entities. (Watkins, 2013). According to Google, patent market friction can be removed by buying patents to do away with patent trolls. This is a new technique that Google is trying, it is a good idea but it has been executed by the wrong people. Patent trolling has led to inconveniences to a lot of small businesses and people who had no resources to fight against patent trolls. Google being a profit business should not take itself as the body that will defeat patents from the global market and make the legal landscape more safe. Approximately 10,000 organizations have experienced legal charges by a patent troll, and patent trolls document around 84 percent of elaborate patent lawsuits annually. Patent troll cases have grown at an approximate of 500 percent within the past decade. Reporters generally write on patent troll lawsuits against known organizations, but startups companies are attacked frequently and the loss can be worse. Most businesses focused by patent trolls earn less than $10 million annually. (Ru?ther, 2012). Patents are intended to safeguard innovation. However, there is a growing perspective that the patent organization is being exploited to destroy what it was structured to safeguard. It is widely recognized that patent holding organizations are an essential part of the innovation community, as they aid in connecting manufacturers with innovators, therefore permitting innovators to focus on their best operations. (Takenaka, 2008) The operations by patent trolls influences high costs and innovation destruction. For instance, a Harvard Business Reviewarticlereveals that patent trolls charge defendant organization $29 billion annually directly out-of-pocket expenses; collectively, patent lawsuits destroys more than $60 billion in organization wealth annually. In addition, these charges fall unfairly on innovative organizations: the more research and development an organization performs, thelikelihood of persecution increase for patent violation, all else equal. (Matsuura, 2008). Patent standard are usually considered as a political and social issue. For instance, patents are not specifically noted in the standard guidelines for research. However, ethical matters relevant to patents are related to specific research body that create technology which may be fit for patent applications, for example, through collaboration with private firms that may contribute in research. In light of general pattern on research principles, like the general social roles, transparency and freedom of research, it is important that these analysts acknowledge the issues pertaining to patent ethics. (Stim, 2016). The biggest problem to both big and small companies doing the same business is the protection of intellectual property, that is, using assets and implementing ideas that belong to other institutions, companies and individuals. Knowledge offers intellectual capital which is very important and valuable to the business. Even though the bible states that you should not steal, stealing happens all over, both at local and international markets and at individual level more than we would accept it. (Waldeck Straus, 2009). According to Virtue Ethics individual character is emphasized as crucial element to ethical thinking rather than rules about the truth itself and their impacts. We ask ourselves is patent trolling is a virtue. Eudaimonism is theproportional understanding of Virtue Ethics. It suggests that living well with happiness is the main aspiration of any human being and this goal can be attained by utilizing the correct virtues to our everyday doings and exercising good judgment to antagonize rivalry that may arise. People consider patent trolling to be virtue that does not bring happiness because of the complexities around it. An action is considered right if a person considered to be good does it under the same circumstance. This theory is essential because human being get to criticize the character of a person than assessing the outcome of an action. This therefore, suggests that it is good to teach human beings a how to good than using rules and laws to punish them for their wrong doings. To be of importance, this theory should state a least set of features and behavior a human being should have in order to be considered virtuous. Patent trolling is an enemy to virtue. (Melden, 2013). Critics found the major problem of this theory to be the difficulty in getting the nature of the virtues. This is because people are different, live in different societies with varying believes and cultures and thus have different opinions on what makes up a virtue. However, proponents argued that any behavior defined as a virtue must be globally and universally accepted as a virtue for sll individual. Another limitation of this theory it is not guided by actions rather on traits a person should have in order to be regarded as a good person. This theory therefore, argues that someone who kills lacks many important virtues such as fairness and compassion among others. (MacKinnon, 2014). Contractarianism evaluates the character of a decision maker using set of structures that is clearly defined. The objective of this theory is to input guidelines and steps that will enhance decision making process of a person. Thus, contractarianism has been split to three basics, that is, moral hazard,adverse selection, and signaling. These basics create ways for individuals to utilize acceptable actions under certain conditions established in the contract. According to contractarianism, individuals are mainly focused on self-interest and the evaluation of the best strategy that will satisfy their self-interest will lead them to acting morally and to accept government authority. (Banks, 2013). According to critics any theory that is established upon historical contract is not valid because of the basis that and individual should not be constrained by the agreement of their ancestors. Others have argued that contractarianism cannot be taken to be legitimate because agreement is not without coercion or voluntarily because a government can use force against those people who object to enter into contract. TheMoral Theory of Contractarianism affirms that moral principles get their normative force form from the fact of mutual management. (LaFollette Persson, 2013). According Utilitarianism the rightfulness or wrongness is based on the consequences of selecting an action over others. It goes beyond the limitations of self-interests and considers others interest According to Mizzoni, (2010),this theory is based on some standards: Bentham's Principle of Utility: aims at recognition of essential responsibilities of sadness and happiness in the life of an individual and approve or disapprove a policy on the basis of happiness or sadness gained. It relates sadness with evil and happiness with good and suggests that sadness and happiness are measurable, therefore, can be quantified. Nevertheless, John Stuart Millsuggest that it isnt just about measurement of sadness and happiness but the quality of it that is essential in utilitarianism. Act-utilitarianism principle of utility employs precisely to each chosen alternative in a situation. It describes a right action to be the best result. According to critics, justification of immoral actions can happen.in this case we want to find out if patent trolling brings out the best result. (Reynolds, 2013). Rule-utilitarianism principle of utility is applied to discover the authenticity of a moral principle. Therefore, an action can be taken to be wrong or right depending on the adherence of the set principles. According to critics this principle can lead to development of unjust rules. For categorical imperative, a moral principle is that which is definite and unconditional for all people, and does not lean on any ulterior motive. For example, Thou shalt not kill, is categorical as different from the speculative imperative related to the need such as, if you want to be loved, do not kill. There existed only one categorical imperative for Kant, which he came up with in several ways which is Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law is a logical sentence and shows the condition of the logic of circumstances rather than morality. (Melden, 2013). Of all the ethical theories I believe Kants Categorical imperative because it is such a simple principle which a person can try to adhere to and improve his life and positively change his surroundings. My preferred version happens to be Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means. Many individuals have put this in practice and it works all the time. (MacKinnon, 2014). What is going on? Patent troll is an individual or entity that declares a patent aggressively against an entity or organization that offers a service or product. The patent troll in simple terms possess the patent and does not offer the product or produce the service represented in the patent. Patent trolls are also known as non-practicing entities. Patents are intended to safeguard innovation. However, there is a growing perspective that the patent organization is being exploited to destroy what it was structured to safeguard. It is widely recognized that patent holding organizations are an essential part of the innovation community, as they aid in connecting manufacturers with innovators, therefore permitting innovators to focus on their best operations. What are the facts? Patent trolls utilize patents they purchased to gather license fees to fill their pocket. A patent trolls business structure is to transmit demand letters knowing organization cannot manage to appeal these questionable allegations Defense against a patent breach allegation can cost approximately $1 million. In 2011, organizations such as U.S. were charged with around $29 billion by patent trolls to cater for settlement cost and legal fees. Small and medium-size organizations are specifically affected by these cases. Groups targeted to gain positively from the patent system normally undergo suffering since it generates problems for them. In several occasions, it results to a system that administers a tax on innovators rather than aspiring innovation. What are the issues? Approximately 10,000 organizations have experienced legal charges by a patent troll, and patent trolls document around 84 percent of elaborate patent lawsuits annually. Patent troll cases have grown at an approximate of 500 percent within the past decade. Reporters generally write on patent troll lawsuits against known organizations, but startups companies are attacked frequently and the loss can be worse. Most businesses focused by patent trolls earn less than $10 million annually. Who is affected? Businesses like homebuilders, banks, hotels, credit unions, restaurants, realtors, convenience stores, and retailers. Trolls focus on common business equipment like restaurant and hotel Wi-Fi, ATMs, and office scanners/copiers. Rather than investing in more technologies or discoveries, Patent trolls utilize patents they purchased to gather license fees to fill their pocket. A patent trolls business structure is to transmit demand letters knowing organization cannot manage to appeal these questionable allegations. What are the ethical issues and implications? According to Virtue Ethics individual character is emphasized as crucial element to ethical thinking rather than rules about the truth itself and their impacts. Patent trolling is considered unethical because it tends to influence high costs and destruction of innovation. According Utilitarianism the rightfulness or wrongness is based on the consequences of selecting an action over others. It goes beyond the limitations of self-interests and considers others interest. Therefore, Patent trolls are taken to be illegal and unethical because their actions dont benefit the society and are of harm to people. Contractarianism evaluates the character of a decision maker using set of structures that is clearly defined. Individuals are mainly focused on self-interest and the evaluation of the best strategy that will satisfy their self-interest will lead them to acting morally and to accept government authority. For categorical imperative, a moral principle is that which is definite and unconditional for all people, and does not lean on any ulterior motive. What can be done about it? I recommend the following ways to deal with patent trolls: Keep cool and dont panic because this will make you handle the situation better. Expose the troll by doing intensive research. Trolls are only there for money and they wouldnt want to be exposed. Identify discrepancies in the patents, examine all the documents available to prove that the claims are not valid. Also it is important to team up with other individuals or organizations because its possible you are not the only target. This is of advantage because you can combine efforts and divide lawsuits costs. What options are there? Team Up with other individuals and organizations Identify loop holes in the patents Expose the troll by doing intensive research concerning the patent Which option is best and why? Teaming up with other individuals or organizations because its possible you are not the only target and you can combine efforts and divide lawsuits costs. References Banks, C. (2013).Criminal justice ethics: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Contreras, J. L., Jacob, M. (2017).Patent pledges: Global perspectives on patent law's private ordering frontier. Northampton, marketing: Edward Elgar Pub. Gao, X. , Song, W. , Peng, X. and Song, X. (2014) Technology Transferring Performance of Chinese Universities: Insights from Patent Licensing Data.Advances in Applied Sociology,4, 289-300. doi:10.4236/aasoci.2014.412032. Kageyama, K. (2016) Determining Inventive Step or Nonobviousness for a Patent Requirement in View of the Formation Process of an Invention.Beijing Law Review,7, 238-260. doi:10.4236/blr.2016.73023. LaFollette, H., Persson, I. (2013).The Blackwell guide to ethical theory. MacKinnon, B. (2014).Ethics: Theory and contemporary issues. Matsuura, J. H. (2008).Jefferson vs. the patent trolls: A populist vision of intellectual property rights. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. McDonagh, L. (2016).European patent litigation in the shadow of the unified patent court. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Melden, A. (2013).Ethical Theories. Read Books Ltd. Mizzoni, J. (2010).Ethics: The basics. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: Wiley-Blackwell Ru?ther, F. (2012).Patent aggregating companies: Their strategies, activities and options for psychology companies. Stim, R. (2016).Patent, copyright trademark: An intellectual property desk reference. Berkeley, CA: Nolo. Takenaka, T. (2008).Patent law: A handbook of contemporary research. Cheltenham, U.K: Edward Elgar. Waldeck, . P. W., Straus, J. (2009).Patents and technological progress in a globalized world: Liber amicorum Joseph Straus. Berlin: Springer. Watkins, W. J. (2013).Patent trolls: Predatory litigation and the smothering of innovation.

Schindlers List Essay free essay sample

Question: ‘Schindler’s List’ is no less a â€Å"Jewish story† or a â€Å"German story† than it is a human story. And its subject matter applies to every generation. We will write a custom essay sample on Schindlers List Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ’ [Stephen Spielberg] Discuss. The film ‘Schindler’s List’, directed by Steven Spielberg and based on the novel Schindler’s Ark, by Thomas Keneally, gives us an insight into the corruption and destructive capabilities of humans. This film portrays many themes, all of which are evoked due to the factual historical event of the Jewish Holocaust which occurred in Germany during WWII. The exploration of the themes of hope, use and misuse of power, the nature of evil and courage makes this film prominent over others. Spielberg’s purpose in making this film was to raise awareness of the horror experienced by the victims during this era and to inspire todays and future generations to understand the impact of, and end, such prejudice. As such, we are presented a human story, the subject matter of which applies to every generation. The film focuses on the Holocaust, an era when millions of Jews and others were murdered for their ethnicity and religious beliefs – an era which many wish to forget. Although one of the darkest periods in human history, many people of all ages know little, if anything about it. Spielberg’s film enables an understanding to develop in the viewer and thus, encourage respect for the Jewish people in light of the brutal facts. As the film opens, Oskar Schindler is portrayed as an ordinary German businessman with one thing on his mind – money. The film opens showing a man dressing with impeccable style, his face unknown. The Swastika lapel pin identifies him as a member of the Nazi party; a significant symbol throughout the film. The technique of keeping the man’s identity a mystery suggests that to begin with he is a ‘no one’; however, as future events take place, his name and actions become a significant imprint in history. Initially Schindler sees the Jewish people as any other German would – slave labour, a way for him to make easy money. His ability to connect with the Jews seems to be lacking, yet the first flicker of a bond is shown when he saves his accountant, Itzhak Stern from Auschwitz. Up until the liquidation of the Ghettos, Schindler was oblivious to the reality of the war. He was only focused on himself and his own well being, rather than looking at the bigger picture. During this incident, Schindler’s attention is directed to a young girl in a red coat. This isolated element of colour is surrounded by a sea of black and white, representing the innocence of the Jews being slaughtered. The instant Schindler sights the child it marks the moment when he is forced to confront the horror of Jewish life during the Holocaust and his own hand in it. We witness the beginning of Schindler’s redemption and Spielberg’s exploration of the universal theme of loss of innocence in the face of the abuse of power, and the courage of those who stand against such negative forces. As the film progresses, Schindler’s attitude begins to change, along with his view about life. The contrast of black and white allows the director to deepen the impact of the story. This contrast marks Schindler’s face, which is often half in shadow, reflecting his selfish, dark side. However, his face becomes more lit as he makes the transformation from war profiteer to saviour. Although Schindler initially made small attempts to save the Jews, he didn’t have the true motivation to put his heart and soul into becoming a saviour. However, later in the film, as Schindler sees the body of the little girl in the red coat being exhumed and wheeled into the fire under the direction of Nazi officers, he decides to save as many Jews as he can with his profits from the war – the death of the young child was the death of innocence and Schindler’s hope. Stern, with Schindler’s assistance, types a list of 1,100 Jewish workers known as, â€Å"Schindler’s List†. The list is an absolute good. The list is life. All around its margins lies the gulf† (Itzhak Stern). Lists are an extremely important motif in the film, the majority of them symbolising evil and death, however Schindler’s list represents pure good and hope. Without this list, thousands of descendents of the Schindlerjuden would not be alive today – th ey owe their lives to one man. ‘Schindler’s List’ explores the issue of power and the misuse of power. The differences between Oskar Schindler and Amon Goeth clearly display the different viewpoints regarding power and its use. Schindler wields a great deal of power, mainly due to the amount of money he has, whereas Goeth, the Nazi commander of Plaszow, uses his power to corrupt and destroy human lives. Amon was a man who wavered on the brink of madness. His sick sense of reality was shown throughout the film. His intense hatred for Jews led him to perform horrific acts of cruelty, portraying his misuse of power. A prime example of this is when he willingly and callously shoots innocent Jews from his villa balcony at the Plaszow labour camp. His inability to see the Jews as humans allows him to kill without sympathy, justification and guilt. Amon’s power is fuelled by fear, making him the symbol of evil in the film. He takes pride in extinguishing the Jewish Ghetto and rules the Plaszow labour camp without mercy. When a Jewish engineer advises him that he needs to re-pour a foundation, he has her instantly executed – her seemingly black blood spreads through the pure white snow. This contrast in colours emphasises the split between good and evil. The blood pouring from the victim’s head is both literally and metaphorically the life blood pouring out of the Jewish race. We begin to define the line between good and evil and the way in which it can corrupt human beings. The message portrayed that evil and the misuse of power is an ongoing matter, one in which could affect anyone and is partially an involuntary act – the evil animalistic behaviour becomes engraved into minds; like Goeth. Goeth can also be considered to be Schindler’s foil, as they can parallel one another in many ways. At the beginning of the film, this parallel is shown through the use of mirrors and reflections, however, as the film progresses along with the character transformations, they become opposites. Like Schindler, Goeth is a practical man, not a thinker, but also fancies himself as someone of great importance; he also has a weakness for liquor. However, what defined the two as good and evil was that, unlike Schindler, Goeth was a cruel man who was physically abusive. He uses his power to construct a road paved with Jewish headstones, symbolising the destruction of the Jewish race. Amon seems to be unsatisfied with merely wiping out existing Jews, so by planning the road he denies acknowledgement of many Jews final resting places. Despite his intense hatred for Jews, he is intoxicated by his Jewish maid, Helen Hirsch. Unable to touch Helen in love, his only acceptable option is to lash out at her with a horrific display of violence. â€Å"I would like so much to reach out and touch you in your loneliness. Is this the face of a rat? Are these the eyes of a rat? Hath not a Jew eyes? I feel for you, Helen. [leaning to kiss her] No, I dont think so. You Jewish bitch, you nearly talked me into it, didnt you? He quotes Shakespeare’s Shylock from the Merchant of Venice showing that Goeth temporarily pauses in his rampage and listens to the voice of his victims, in this case Helen Hirsch. For a critical moment evil seems to pause and consider the fact that it may be possible to love this ‘creature’, although Amon’s face tells us no. His fists thrash out not so much at Helen, but at the recognition that he is doomed to loneliness by his evil By watching this film and witnessing the effects power can have on people, viewers can learn and gain a certain level of respect for those who are successful global leaders. Schindler’s List displays Amon Goeth as an evil man who abuses power, but Spielberg also manages to show an unexpected depth and complexity to his character, displaying the tentative impression of how quickly power can change from good to evil. Throughout the generations good and evil have had a diverse range of meanings, each person with a different denotation. In practical thinking, even the most malicious criminal may contain a strong sense of love or compassion, whether towards parents, partners of children. Every person is capable of the noblest good or horrific evil; it just depends on the will power of the individual. Good and evil are inseparable aspects of life . â€Å"Schindler’s List† is a true story which follows the man, Oskar Schindler and his transformation from war profiteer to saviour. Viewers watch this man’s actions become significant in history, but at the same time they begin to increase an understanding and connection with the Jewish people, in particular Schindler’s Jews. WWII in Germany was an act of mass destruction and loss of life , in this historic circumstance six million Jewish and five million other lives were lost. These large numbers makes portraying the Holocaust accurately extremely difficult. However, Spielberg has managed to replace the vast numbers of Jewish people sacrificed during WWII with specific faces and names, enabling readers to make personal connections with the characters, positive or negative. Viewers follow the stories of various different Jewish families Caja and Danka Dresner, Mila and Poldek Pfefferberg amongst others. Viewers meet these characters at the beginning of the film and follow their journey’s closely, beginning to develop a connection to these individual victims, who represent the vast numbers of the entire Holocaust. By using this individualism, it forces viewers to confront the horror on a personal level, and to realise that every victim had a story, loved ones, a home and a life. To perceive the Jews of the Holocaust simply as a group or race dehumanises them a second time, removing their individuality and uniqueness, each person was a separate being and deserved respect – respect that the Nazi’s refused to give. In today’s society people still remain unique, their differences and individuality making the world a multicultural and diverse country. Oskar Schindler himself also embodies this idea of recognising and caring for the individual, he begins to learn names, resulting in his extensive list. He is unable to stand by and watch his workers perish, he has made a personal connection with them and by seeing them die, and it is once again the death of innocence. Schindler embraces the chance to save his Jewish workers, at one point he grabs Danka Dresner on her way back to Auschwitz and shows her tiny fingers to a Nazi officer, pointing out that only little fingers like her can polish the inside of small shell casings in his factory. His courage could have killed him hundreds of times, yet he still prevailed saving thousands of lives. This connection and courage allowed the Jews to gain hope, Schindler is their light, their saviour. As the war ends, Schindler is forced to flee as he is now considered a criminal. In an almost ironic twist Schindler himself is presented with a list of all 1,100 worker signatures, vouching that he is a good man with honourable intentions. Stern gives Schindler a gold ring, with the inscription, â€Å"Whoever saves one life, saves the world entire†. Schindler breaks down, stating that he should’ve saved more lives. He shows that even the most collected people have a weak point and Schindler’s was guilt and regret. Schindler flees and the next day his workers walk free, marching to the tune of a Hebrew song. This black and white scene dissolves into colour and the actors/actresses turn into â€Å"The Schindler Jews Today† Spielberg carries the idea of individualism through to the final scene in the film, over 100 of the real Schindlerjuden appear. In tribute, each of the survivors places a stone on the gravestone of Oskar Schindler, accompanied by the actors who portrayed them in the film. For every life saved, one rock is placed on the grave. The last mourner places flowers on the gravestone and stands with his head bowed, this is Liam Neeson. By connecting the real life survivors into the film it proves that the characters are real, not fictional and shows proof that the holocaust was real and shouldn’t be denied, it was a significant event in Human history and should be acknowledged. Although the war ended a long time ago, the impact and impression it left still remains. Hearts have been broken, families lost. Yet still in a time of never ending darkness, there was light. This light was Schindler – he saved the lives of more than just 1,100 Jews – there are over 7,000 descendents of the Schindler Jews and they would not be alive unless one man decided to stand up against evil. Schindler’s list was not only the story of Jews and Germans, it was a human story. One which connects to every generation, enabling mistakes to be corrected and people to be forgiven, this can be done through learning and understanding, the holocaust shall remain in the minds and heart of thousands of people.