The Boy in the Striped Pajamas - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 945 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2018/12/17 Category Cinematographic Art Essay Type Review Level High school Topics: Drama Essay Holocaust Essay Movie Essay War Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The boy in the Striped Pajamas is a film with a WW11 setting. The drama explores horrors of extermination in German concentration camps. The movie is mainly based on two characters; one is a young boy called Bruno who lives in Berlin with his family and Shmuel a young Jew in a concentration camp. Brunos father is promoted after a visit by Adolf Hitler in their home, and he has to move to Auschwitz concentration camp to be the commander. The Camp was a concentration camp for Jews and had a long perimeter fence around it. Bruno is bored at his new home with nobody to play with, so during the day, he walks along this fence which runs far ahead to a place he cannot see. Inside the fence, he can see funny looking people who are always dressed in inmate uniform. Bruno does not know that those are uniforms for inmates and he thinks they are nice pajamas. While walking along the fence he meets a young boy, and they begin talking, soon their friendship grew, and they even realized they shared a birthday (Gray, 2014). Bruno thought he had found a really good friend and so he went on seeing him for about a week although he never let his parents know of his newly found friend. After some time in Auschwitz Brunos mother could not take it anymore mainly because she missed her old friend s and that Auschwitz was very boring with little to do. She asked her kids to pack, but Bruno decided that he had to go and see his friend before he left. Coincidentally, Bruno had developed lice, and his head had been shaven to get rid of the lice. He looked like Shmuel and when he went to say goodbye his friend was really sad to lose his new found buddy. He asked Bruno to help him trace his father who he had not seen for some time. Additionally he had brought a pair of extra inmate uniform which Bruno wore. (Marcus, 2017) After sneaking into the camp through a small entrance in the fence, the two boys wandered off into the camp in search of his father. They were arrested while walking there and taken to a room which had no windows and the door was locked. The boys did not know that this was a death trap. Kids who were below nine years of age and who could not provide manual labor were locked up there and poisonous gas released which meant no one left alive (Marcus, 2017) . Bruno despite his father being the commander of the camp suffered this cruel fate which Jew kids passed through. His father had looked for him for so long, and his mother always had hope that he would show up at their doorstep one day. He later saw his Sons clothes along the fence and the small entrance, and it was then that he realized what must have happened to his son. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas" essay for you Create order This film shows us that Brunos family is fragmented, his father is always at work in the camp and his mother is always busy with house chores and taking naps that they never notice the change in the behavior of their son who always goes out to meet his new found friend. The sad end of Bruno would have been avoided as he would have had someone to keep him busy or play with at home. Additionally, Bruno never seemed to know what was going on in his life, for instance when he asked his Mom why they had to move she simply said it was because his Dad had an important job ( Baker, 2013) . Also, he did not know what exactly his father did for a living. When he asked his father who those people were behind the fence, he was simply told that these were not people. If there were more transparency in his family, they would have known what Bruno does in his free time, and maybe he would have met a different fate. Bruno is a very loving boy who must have got that trait from his mother. The film shows Bruno to be very caring and he never treats the house helps in a bad way (Baker, 2013). He also treats his friend Shmuel well despite him being a Jew. Bruno creates a friendship without looking so much into the background of Shmuel which shows that he is more interested in the bonds he creates than the differences he has with people around him. Bruno looks for trust and loyalty in people which are qualities found in people regardless of their status or race. Freedom and confinement apply to both Bruno and Shmuel. Both are forced to be in places they did not want to go and are confined there, of course, there is the difference that Bruno was free while Shmuel was not (Gray, 2014). The young boys, however, struggle with loneliness and form a very tight friendship in their isolation. Sadly this friendship leads to their sad end, but it shows us the power of trust and friendship. Additionally, the film shows the evils of profiling. The concentration camp controlled by Brunos father was built for Jews, but in the long run, it was the cause of Bruno, the son of the commanders death. If the camp was not built, Bruno would have met a different fate. References Baker, F. W. (2013). A View Through Barbed Wire: The Boy in the Striped Pajamas. Screen Education, (69), 70-83. Gray, M. (2014). The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas: A blessing or curse for Holocaust education, Holocaust Studies,? 20(3), 109-136. Marcus, A. S. (2017). Teaching the Holocaust Through Film. Social Education,? 81(3), 169-173.

My Personal Career My Educational Career - 994 Words

Throughout my educational career, I have had many teachers that have made the journey a great experience. So far through college a lot of professors have made my educational career better. Even during high school, I had classes that made my educational career phenomenal. Some teachers that have made this journey fantastic are Mrs Fielhauer, Mrs. Cedar and Mrs Radzilowski. During my sophomore year I took my first year of spanish at Saint Clair High School. It started off rough. I didn’t have Mrs. Fielhauer for my first year of spanish. I had Mrs. Simmons. She made spanish really boring. No activities or group projects. I did not want to take Spanish 2 at that time, because I didn’t want her as a teacher again. For some reason though, I decided to go ahead and take Spanish 2. Honestly that was one of the best decisions I had during high school. I ended up not getting Mrs. Simmons, and got Mrs. Fielhauer instead. Mrs. Fielhauer gave spanish a new twist. She made the class interactive. The way she taught the class made it so I could actually remember words easier. Almost every word we learned she had a trick up her sleeve to remember it. She’s that teacher who can make a student cry, but yet that student would still love her. She often picked on people and joke around with them. One thing she did well was believing in us. Everyone in the class was always nervous when it came to taking tests. 85 percent of the test would be written in spanish. When it came around the speakingShow MoreRelatedMy College Career Changed My Life726 Words   |  3 Pages My college career has been a long process. I started attending college right out of high school and during the duration of my course work, I experienced numerous personal challenges. My first challenge was that my parents were unable to help me pay for college. Therefore I had the responsibility to pay for it myself and in order to do that, I needed to work full-time. 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Stefan’s Diaries Origins Chapter 10 Free Essays

September 4, 1864 Midnight. Too late to fall asleep, too early to be awake. A candle burns on my nightstand, the flickering shadows foreboding. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 10 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am haunted already. Will I ever forgive myself for not finding Rosalyn until it was too late? And why is she –the one I vowed to forget–still on my mind? My head is pounding. Cordelia is always at the door, offering drinks, lozenges, powdered herbs. I take them, like a recuperating child. Father and Damon glance at me when they think I’m asleep. Do they know of the nightmares? I thought marriage was a fate worse than death. I was wrong. I was wrong about so many things, too many things, and all I can do is pray for forgiveness and hope that somehow, somewhere, I can summon strength from the depths of my existence to step firmly onto the path of the right again. I will do it. I must. For Rosalyn. And for her. Now I will blow out the candle and hope for sleep–like that of the dead –to engulf me quickly†¦. â€Å"Stefan! Time to get up!† my father called, slamming my bedroom door. â€Å"What?† I struggled to sit, not sure what hour it was, or what day it was, or how much time had passed since Rosalyn’s death. Day faded into night, and I could never really sleep, only doze into terrifying dreams. I wouldn’t have eaten anything, except that Cordelia continued to come into my room with her concoctions, spoon-feeding them to me to ensure that they were eaten. She’d make fried chicken and okra and a thick mash of what she called sufferer stew which she said would , make me feel better. She’d left another one, a drink this time, on my nightstand. I drank it quickly. â€Å"Get ready. Alfred will help you prepare,† my father said. â€Å"Get ready for what?† I asked, swinging my legs onto the floor. I hobbled to the mirror. I had stubble over my chin, and my tawny hair stood up on all ends. My eyes were red, and my nightshirt was hanging off my shoulders. I looked awful. Father stood behind me, appraising my reflection. â€Å"Y ou’ll pull yourself together. Today is Rosalyn’s funeral, and it’s important to me and the Cartwrights that we are there. We want to show everyone that we must band together against the evil that’s scourging our town.† While Father prattled on about demons, I thought about facing the Cartwrights for the first time. I still felt horribly guilty. I couldn’t help thinking that the attack wouldn’t have happened if I’d been waiting for Rosalyn on the porch, instead of lingering in the study with Katherine. If I’d been outside, waiting for Rosalyn, I would have seen her walking from the fields in her pink dress. Maybe I could have faced death with her, too, and she wouldn’t have had to confront that nightmarish animal alone. I may not have loved Rosalyn, but I couldn’t forgive myself for not being there to save her. â€Å"Well, come on,† Father said impatiently as Alfred walked in, holding a white linen shirt and a double-breasted black suit. I blanched. It was the suit I’d have worn at my wedding–and the church where we were mourning Rosalyn was to have been the site of the ceremony establishing our union. Still, I managed to change into the suit, allowed Alfred to help me shave, since my hands allowed Alfred to help me shave, since my hands were so shaky, and emerged an hour later ready to do what I had to do. I kept my eyes down as I followed Father and Damon to the carriage. Father sat up front, next to Alfred, while Damon sat in the back with me. â€Å"How are you, brother?† Damon asked above the familiar clip-clop of Duke’s and Jake’s hooves down Willow Creek Road. â€Å"Not very well,† I said formally, a stiff lump in my throat. Damon put a hand on my shoulder. The magpies chattered, the bees buzzed, and the sun cast a golden glow on the trees. The entire coach smelled like ginger, and I felt my stomach heave. It was the smell of guilt over lusting after a woman who was never to be–could never be–my wife. â€Å"Your first death, the first one you witness, changes you,† Damon said finally, as the coach pulled up to the white clapboard church. The church bells were ringing, and every business in town was closed for the day. â€Å"But perhaps it can change you for the better.† â€Å"Maybe,† I said as I descended from the coach. But I didn’t see how. We reached the door as Dr. Janes hobbled into the church, his cane in one hand and a flask of whiskey in another. Pearl and Anna were sitting together, and Jonathan Gilbert sat behind them, his elbows perched on the edge of Pearl’s pew, just inches from her shoulder. Sheriff Forbes was in his usual place in the second pew, glaring at the cluster of rouged women from the tavern who had come to pay their respects. At the edge of their circle was Alice, the barmaid, cooling herself with a silk fan. Calvin Bailey, the organist, was playing an adaptation of Mozart’s Requiem, but he seemed to hit a sour note every few chords. In the front pew, Mr. Cartwright stared straight ahead, while Mrs. Cartwright sobbed and occasionally blew her nose into a lace handkerchief. At the front of the church, a closed oak casket was covered with flowers. Wordlessly, I walked to the casket and knelt down in front of it. â€Å"I’m so sorry,† I whispered, touching the casket, which felt cold and hard. Unbidden, images of my betrothed popped up in my mind: Rosalyn giggling over her new puppy, giddily discussing flower combinations for our wedding, risking the wrath of her maid by planting a covert kiss on my cheek at the end of one visit. I moved my hands off the casket and put them together, as if in prayer. â€Å"I hope that you and Penny have found each other in Heaven.† I leaned down, letting my lips graze the casket. I wanted her to know, wherever she was, that I would have learned to love her. â€Å"Good-bye.† I turned to take my seat and stopped short. Right behind me was Katherine. She was wearing a dark-blue cotton dress that stood out in the sea a dark-blue cotton dress that stood out in the sea of black crepe that filled the pews. â€Å"I’m so sorry for your loss,† Katherine said, touching my arm. I flinched and drew my arm back. How dare she touch me so familiarly in public? Didn’t she realize that if we hadn’t been carrying on at the barbecue in the first place, the tragedy might never have happened? Concern registered in her dark eyes. â€Å"I know how hard this must be for you,† she said. â€Å"Please let me know if you need anything.† I immediately felt a wave of guilt for assuming she was doing anything other than showing sympathy. After all, her parents had died. She was just a young girl, reaching out to offer her support. She looked so sad that for one wild second, I was tempted to cross the aisle and comfort her. â€Å"Thank you,† I said instead, sucking in my stale breath and walking back to the pew. I slid next to Damon, who had his hands crossed piously over a Bible. I noticed his eyes flick up as Katherine briefly knelt down by the coffin. I followed his gaze, noticing the way several curls had escaped from beneath her hat and were curling around the ornate clasp on her blue necklace. A few minutes later, the Requiem ended, and Pastor Collins strode up to the pulpit. â€Å"We’re here to celebrate a life cut far too short. There is evil among us, and we will mourn this death, but we will also draw strength from this death †¦,† he intoned. I covertly glanced across the aisle at Katherine. Her servant, Emily, was sitting next to her on one side and Pearl on the other. Katherine’s hands were folded as if in prayer. She turned slightly, as if to look at me. I forced myself to look away before our eyes could meet. I would not dishonor Rosalyn by thinking of Katherine. I gazed up at the unfinished, steepled beams of the church. I’m sorry, I thought, sending the message upward and hoping that Rosalyn, wherever she was, heard it. How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 10, Essay examples

Discussion of Jenine Aliss as an Australian Entrepreneur

Question: Discuss about the Discussion of Jenine Aliss as an Australian Entrepreneur. Answer: Growth and Development of Jenine Aliss as a Successful Entrepreneur Jenine Aliss is one of the successful woman entrepreneurs in Australia. She was born in the year 1965 and grew up in Knoxfield. According to Allis (2013), she went to school but drop out of school at the age of sixteen years against the wishes of her parents. Jenine started working while she was seventeen years old in advertising agency McCann-Erickson. She also engaged in other forms of jobs that included being an assistant gym manager and in modeling. She never attended any form of business training nor went to the University for Studies in order to come up with a business idea that had made her very successful (Allis 2013). She had a desire for traveling from places but she did not have a clear mindset of what she wanted to do in the course of her life. The idea to start the boost juice bar was after a trip in which she traveled with her husband Jeff to the United States in the year 1999. Jenine noticed that the business for smoothies categories and juices were booming in the USA but there was hardly a juice bar in her home country in Australia despite its warm climate (Allis 2013). According to Allis (2013), Aliss was having the urge to start the business but due to other responsibilities like being a touring comedian and publisher deterred her from imagining that at one time she would be a successful entrepreneur. Jenine was an advocate for living a healthy lifestyle and the business idea she developed from the USA would have been the turning point to change the health lifestyle of her family and the community. Belbaly and Cheruy (2013) assert that the awakening of her dream as an entrepreneur was driven by the desire to provide her kids with healthy fast food when on out but the only food that was present in the stores were only sugary, empty calories with high-fat content. She analyzed the local retail sector and she could hardly get healthy fast food snack for her family when she went shopping in the Aussie market. The passion for initiating a juice bar grew bigger after analyzing the market and coming to a conclusion that there were very few healthy snacks for consumption in the Australia market (Menzies and Orr 2014). Jenine, therefore, decided to initiate the boost juice bar which she believed that the customers would love the freshness of the fruit. She believed on love life and she decided to conduct retailing differently from the other retailers in order to develop a unique customer experience (Allis 2013). The first store she opened was in Adelaide and she did all the activities from scrubbing the floor, serving the customers to making the drinks. Family and Social-cultural Background for the Development of Her Passion for Entrepreneurship Social Mobility The social mobility played the main role in the development of the entrepreneurial person of Jenine. The migration from one place to another can trigger new ideas to most of the entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs are able to identify the gaps available that need to be satisfied by a good or a service by traveling to new places (Sarasvathy 2001). According to Sarasvathy (2001), the culture change after migrating from one place to another provides good avenues in developing a new business idea. Aliss accompanied her husband Jeff to a trip to the USA which resulted in her invention of a business idea. The trip of Jenine to the USA is what made her discover new healthy smoothie and juices that were not in existence in Australia. The movement of an entrepreneur from one place to another can serve as a new source of a business idea as the encounter of new products in new places can provide insights for an entrepreneur in identifying a gap for introducing new unique products in his /her place of residence. Family Motivation Entrepreneurs need to be motivated by the family to be able to develop an entrepreneurial passion. The entrepreneurs who have family back up are more likely to implement their business ideas by developing a product or a service (Hanke 2016). The family must develop a positive attitude towards the business idea and provide it with support. Jeff the husband of Aliss had a positive perception of the business idea and joined hands with Jenine which made her feel motivated and have the zeal for entrepreneurship. Gender Roles The gender roles can also be an important factor for developing passionate entrepreneurs in the society (Gherardi and Giampietro 2014). Jenine being an advocate for health food and being the person who was taking care of her kids by providing them with healthy food could easily recognize that most of the retail shops lacked the healthy food that she wanted to provide for her kids the snacks. Jenine as a mother, healthy living was her utmost importance and it is healthy living that drove her passion towards establishing Boost Juice bars that would provide healthy drinks and food. Customers Satisfaction The acceptance of the products by the customers in the market drives entrepreneurial passion (Bradberry 2011). The passion for Jenine to entrepreneurship was due to her brand acceptance by the customers. The customers were crying for healthy foods with fewer calories as most of the people by then were obese due to the intake of unhealthy fast foods with high calories from the retail shops. The people of Australia were looking forward to the introduction of healthy foods. The customers demands for healthy food products is what drove Jenine in starting the Boost Juice bar as she was also and an advocate for healthy living. Friends Support The moral and financial support by the friends drives entrepreneurial passion (Morrison 2006).Aliss's friends supported her during the initiation of Boost Juice bar. After the development of the business plan, she was able to raise $250,000 from her friends for investments. The passion for her entrepreneurship was therefore driven by her friends as the initial capital for the business was high for her to generate. The Business She Developed and Competitive Advantage Business Jenine Aliss is the founder of Boost juice bars whose main role is to sell healthy fruit juice and smoothies. The first store that she opened was in her home country in Australia at Adelaide. The business grew rapidly as the customers accepted the products that she made that made her opened other new stores within Australia (Pung 2008). The business grew and she was able to capture the market outside her home countries to other countries. The stores are currently operating in more than fourteen international countries. Boost has more than four hundred stores and the turnover is more than $195,000,000 (Allis 2013). Jenine Aliss is determined to spread the Boost juice stores to more countries so that it may capture the market globally. Boost juice provides an alternative for fast food options in Australia by providing the best healthy food alternative. Competitive Advantage The uniqueness of the products has been the most important competitive advantage of the Boost juice Bars (Tan and Smyrnios 2011). The Australian market is flooded by unhealthy foods, juices, and snacks within the retail shop. The Boost juice is unique as it avoids any nasty preservative, colors and artificial flavors or sweeteners that are included as part of the ingredients in the manufacturing of juices. The products are delicious juices and smoothies that offer fresh and natural ingredients with more than 98% fat-free. The Boost juices use different types of freshly squeezed vegetables and fruits. The uniqueness of the Boost Juice is what has resulted to its brand loyalty as most of the people are advocating for healthy foods that do not have additives due to the increased prevalence of diseases that result from consuming foods that are unhealthy. Boost Culture| The boost culture has also been the competitive advantage against other entrepreneurs. The love life philosophy has made it possible for Boost juice to surpass the other entrepreneurs. The relentless pursuit for satisfying the customers has been the main goal of the company by producing products that are customers centered. The brands philosophy which has been facilitated by producing products that surpass the customers expectation and recruitment of employees determined in achieving the mission of the company has been the competitive advantage against the other entrepreneurs. Future Suggestion Including Different Business or Avenue Jenine Aliss with her passion for a healthy life should not only concentrate on providing healthy food as the only means of promoting a healthy life. She was ones an assistant gym manager and should, therefore, think of introducing gym centers where people can go for exercises and pay. The health of the person is not just entangled on the healthy food he/she consume but also on exercise and health care services that he/she is able to access. Jenine can, therefore, start a hospital venture which can capture most of the customers as most of the Australians have already recognized her as an individual that aims at promoting the health of the people. The Boost juice bars concentrates on selling fruit juices and smoothies. The company can take a different direction in order to maximize its profit by availing to the customer's other types of food products in the stores. The snacks usually go hand in hand with the juices and smoothies and most of the customers like the stores that they can be able to purchase them simultaneously. The Boost Juice should, therefore, commence on diversifying their products from not only the smoothies and juices but also snacks and another form of food products. The company should ensure that the snacks and other food products retain the natural freshness to ensure that the customers retain loyalty for their products. References Allis, J, 2013.The Secrets of My Success: The Story of Boost Juice, Juicy Bits and All. John Wiley Sons. Belbaly, N and Cheruy, C, 2013. How Creative are Your Executives?.Available at SSRN 2449200. Bradberry, J, 2011.6 secrets to startup success: how to turn your entrepreneurial passion into a thriving business. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Gherardi, S and Giampietro, M, 2014. Gender and entrepreneurship as an intertwined social practice: narratives of a learning trajectory.Business and Management Research,vol.3, no. (4), p.p61. Hanke, A, 2016. Rethinking business.Books+ Publishing,vol.95, no. (4), p.16 Menzies, JL and Orr, SC, 2014. Internationalization of Boost Juice to Malaysia.Asian Case Research Journal,vol.18 no.(01), pp.175-197. Morrison, A, 2006. A contextualisation of entrepreneurship.International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, vol.12, no. (4), pp.192-209. Pung, A, 2008. Franchise Nation.Monthly, The, (June 2008), p.20. Sarasvathy, SD, 2001. What makes entrepreneurs entrepreneurial?. Tan, CSL and Smyrnios, KX, 2011. How do Australian fast-growth small-to-medium enterprises measure performance?.Journal of Enterprising Culture,vol.19, no. (01), pp.41-60.

Heart Of Darkness The Horror! Essays - Congo Free State

Heart Of Darkness: The Horror! The Heart of Darkness: The Horror! David Yu In Heart of Darkness it is the white invaders for instance, who are, almost without exception, embodiments of blindness, selfishness, and cruelty; and even in the cognitive domain, where such positive phrases as to enlighten, for instance, are conventionally opposed to negative ones such as to be in the dark, the traditional expectations are reversed. In Kurtz's painting, as we have seen, the effect of the torch light on the face was sinister (Watt 332). Ian Watt, author of Impressionism and Symbolism in Heart of Darkness, discusses about the destruction set upon the Congo by Europeans. The destruction set upon the Congo by Europeans led to the cry of Kurtz's last words, The horror! The horror! The horror in Heart of Darkness has been critiqued to represent different aspects of situations in the book. However, Kurtz's last words The horror! The horror! refer, to me, to magnify only three major aspects. The horror magnifies Kurtz not being able to restrain himself, the colonizers' greed, and Europe's darkness. Kurtz comes to the Congo with noble intentions. He thought that each ivory station should stand like a beacon light, offering a better way of life to the natives. He was considered to be a universal genius: he was an orator, writer, poet, musician, artist, politician, ivory producer, and chief agent of the ivory company's Inner Station. yet, he was also a hollow man, a man without basic integrity or any sense of social responsibility. Kurtz issues the feeble cry, 'The horror! The horror!' and the man of vision, of poetry, the 'emissary of pity, and science, and progress' is gone. The jungle closes' round (Labrasca 290). Kurtz being cut off from civilization reveals his dark side. Once he entered within his heart of darkness he was shielded from the light. Kurtz turned into a thief, murderer, raider, persecutor, and to climax all of his other shady practices, he allows himself to be worshipped as a god. E. N. Dorall, author of Conrad and Coppola: Different Centres of Darkness, explains Kurtz's loss of his identity. Daring to face the consequences of his nature, he loses his identity; unable to be totally beast and never able to be fully human, he alternates between trying to return to the jungle and recalling in grotesque terms his former idealism. Kurtz discovered, A voice! A voice! It rang deep to the very last. It survived his strength to hide in the magnificent folds of eloquence the barren darkness of his heart.... But both the diabolic love and the unearthly hate of the mysteries it had penetrated fought for the possession of that soul satiated with primitive emotions, avid of lying, fame, of sham distinction, of all the appearances of success and power. Inevitably Kurtz collapses, his last words epitomizing his experience, The horror! The horror! (Dorall 306). The horror to Kurtz is about self realization; about the mistakes he committed while in Africa. The colonizers' cruelty towards the natives and their lust for ivory also is spotlighted in Kurtz's horror. The white men who came to the Congo professing to bring progress and light to darkest Africa have themselves been deprived of the sanctions of their European social orders. The supposed purpose of the colonizers' traveling into Africa was to civilize the natives. Instead the Europeans took the natives' land away from them by force. They burned their towns, stole their property, and enslaved them. Enveloping the horror of Kurtz is the Congo Free State of Leopold II, totally corrupt though to all appearances established to last for a long time (Dorall 309). The conditions described in Heart of Darkness reflect the horror of Kurtz's words: the chain gangs, the grove of death, the payment in brass rods, the cannibalism and the human skulls on the fence posts. Africans bound with thongs that contracted in the rain and cut to the bone, had their swollen hands beaten with rifle butts until they fell off. Chained slaves were forced to drink the white man's defecation, hands and feet were chopped off for their rings, men were lined up behind each other and shot with one cartridge, wounded prisoners were eaten by maggots till they died and were then thrown to starving dogs or devoured by cannibal tribes (Meyers 100). The colonizers enslaved the natives to do their biding; the cruelty practiced on the black workers were of the white man's mad and greedy rush for ivory. The unredeemable horror in the tale is the duplicity, cruelty, and venality of Europeans officialdom (Levenson 401). Civilization is

The Debate of Interracial Marriages and the Unseen Barriers of Relationships Essays

The Debate of Interracial Marriages and the Unseen Barriers of Relationships Essays The Debate of Interracial Marriages and the Unseen Barriers of Relationships Essay The Debate of Interracial Marriages and the Unseen Barriers of Relationships Essay The Debate of Interracial Marriages and the Unseen Barriers of Relationships 1 For decades, interracial relationships have been a deep seated conflict among many people and families in our history. Not only in the United States, but many countries around the world have debated and banned such acts. Although it has now been found to be unconstitutional based on the violation of the fourteenth amendment, societal perceptions, norms, and hate groups have still managed to persist. We as a country have come a long way in the past fifty years by recognizing the injustice in banning and punishing certain marriages, but there is still a definite stigma and an abundance of prejudice, resentment, and negative reactions attached to those who are involved in an interracial relationship. Studies have shown that as recently as 1991, 42% of respondents said that they still disapprove of interracial marriage (About). Further studies done by Bramlett and Mosher in 2002 had found that by the tenth year of marriage, 41% of interracial couples had divorced compared to 31% of same-race couples. In the years of 1985 to 1989, an astonishing 55% had ended (Bratter King, p. 160). One tends to wonder if these rates are higher because of the outside factors and people that are against these couples, or if this could be a reason that so many people are against the concept of interracial marriage. Some have hypothesized that interracial marriage selects on those persons that are already likely to divorce because of certain personal characteristics. Yet another explanation states that these marriages potentially unite persons from differing interpersonal styles, and varying values attached to marriage and family. Therefore, maintaining that relationship may be more difficult eventually ending them in divorce (Bratter King, p. 161-62). Many other theories have been conceived about what it is that tends to lead these couples toward divorce more than others; we will go over a few of 2 them. Up until 1967 with the case of Loving versus Virginia, sixteen states in the United States had laws prohibiting interracial marriage between a white and olored person. Just as it is made known through these previous laws addressing only black and white marriages, those relationships that consist of an African American and a white are still seen as the most controversial in America (About). A Ford poll from 2003 surveyed 1,314 Americans which resulted in three in ten participants expressing disagreement with black and white intermarriage. Howeve r, they were more willing to accept white-Hispanic or white-Asian marriages(About). The hypotheses for these attitudes were related to economic prosperity, skin color, and history of economic hardship. It is hard to determine exactly why these feelings are so strong. Many saw interracial couples as violating the goodness of fit belief, that these people were less likely to be compatible (Lewandowski, p. 289) and also loss of racial caste privilege†, mostly for whites (Bratter Eschbach, p. 1029). So what do these statistics and attitudes imply for interracial couples of today? Research shows that interracial marriages have an amplified risk of marital disillusionment. Many of the previously mentioned attitudes have been shown to increase this high divorce rate, but many more theories will be explored further throughout this paper. Because of so many varying attitudes about the topic of interracial marriage, many people that are in these relationships find themselves knowing a friend or family member that disagrees with their beliefs and way of life with an interracial partner. Bratter and King say that the negative reactions to interracial couples from strangers and 3 the diminished social support from family and friends generally characterize the experience of Black/White couples (p. 62). These couples will many times avoid community activities because of feared racism and also have a harder time integrating into larger family/social networks. One example would be a white female partner dating a black man. She may be less equipped for dealing with the negative reactions toward her black partner and also may be disliked by black females because sh e is seen as a threat to their own marriage prospects and also said to be unfit to raise and nurture her punitively non-white offspring. These types of experiences and attitudes lead many Black/white couples to isolate from their communities to rotect themselves (Bratter King, p. 170). As one can see, when social support is lacking it can lead to couples isolation. Isolation in turn can lead to other psychological issues and problems between the couple making arguments and distress much easier to come by. One could almost say that at least outside of the direct home of the couple, negativity seems to be lurking on all sides of them. It would be easy to see how divorce may sometimes seem like the most logical or conceivable solution to these stresses. It is clear that negative reactions from family as well as from society and also outsider beliefs are aspects that can contribute to stress and negative marital dynamics, yet there are still other variables like background/values, age, and psychological distress that was just touched on briefly. In the past, interracial relationships were seen by many as a psychological flaw or disorder in the person involved; someone who had low self esteem, self-loathing, deep psychological sicknesses, and inferiority issues. These attitudes put even more of a 4 negative impression on interracial couplings and the people that participated in them. However, after many new studies, we have seen that these views have been backward. People involved in interracial relationships have a very unique bag of issues compared to same race couples. Many can be or feel abandoned and rejected by their own community because they are viewed as selling out- abandoning their race rather than embracing their race as a valued characteristic in themselves and others(Lewandowski, p. 01). Instead of seeing them as finding someone they love regardless of color it seems that a racial spin always has to be put into the picture. There is also an underlying resentment in many African American females when their men marry outside of their race because they see this as a threat to their own personal marital opportunities and is also felt as a negative reflection of their personal self worth (Childs, p. 558). Also, as mentioned earlier, isolation is a common trait for interracial couples. Whether because of family disapproval, society prejudice, or just irrational beliefs, social isolation can be very damaging to individuals as well as a couple with no outlets. Both recent and classical scholarship predict that among all married persons, those in interracial relationships are more likely to experience conditions that create psychological distress relative to their same race counterparts with a same race partner (Brater Eschbach, p. 1028). Now that new research has been given a chance, society can see that rather than assuming that there is some underlying psychological issue in those that partake in interracial relationships, but that lack in support, isolation, negativity, and attitudes from outsiders can lead to psychological distress. Therefore, the previously thought cause is now a possible effect. Stress in relationships without the proper support and outlets can easily lead to tense 5 marital situations and lead to what may seem like the only logical escape; divorce. When looking at a general risk of divorce for any couple, age has seemed to play an important role. This is also relevant for interracial marriages, if not more so, as you will see. Marriage at a younger age has shown to be a large characteristic of many divorced couples. Of all predictors of divorce, age at marriage is the most well established and most consistently predictive, regardless of time period when the marriage began (Bratter King, p. 161-62). Studies done by Bramlett and Mosher have estimated that there is a dramatic increase in divorce rates, over 20%, between those who marry before the wife turns 18 years of age and those who marry after the age of 25 years. This is worth mentioning when researching the explanation behind such high divorce rates among interracial couples because historically, specifically those African Americans that marry outside of their race have tended to marry at a younger age than if they were to marry someone inside of their race (Bratter King, p. 62). African American/White relationships are mentioned specifically because these tend to be the most controversial marriage because of such social distance and also the least likely to succeed (Childs, p. 544). Although this cannot be named the sole reason for such high divorce rates among these couples, it can possibly be a starting point to explain some of the different dynamics that go on inside of these relationships. Stress from outside sources have definitely decreased over the last decades for interracial couples, but from news and studies we can tell that it is not completely abolished like the previous marital bans have been. Just look at Bob Jones University in South Carolina. Even up into the twenty first century, this school was blatantly 6 prohibiting interracial relationships on their campus by way of threats of expulsion (About). Unfortunately these types of scenarios will most likely continue on through the years and may continue to carry on the discrepancy of divorce rates between couples of same and different race marriages. Although divorce rates for interracial marriages are significantly higher than their same race counterparts, there are many differing and unique qualities and dynamics that need to be factored in when examining the reasons behind it. There is no single cause and it most likely cannot be chalked up to different skin color. The perceptions, attitudes, treatment, support (and lack of), values, and backgrounds of individuals in the relationship and of those interacting with the couple, all contribute to the environment that they are in and surrounded by on a daily basis. The way that these things impact the interracial couple will also play out into their own marital relationship once they are at home. Seeing as though many times these outside forces are very negative, one would guess that the relationship would also take a turn in that direction. Many of these mentioned theories and dynamics contribute to the high divorce rate among interracial couples in America, although many more aspects most likely add to this problem.

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Economics - Essay Example According to this system of pricing, it is not as the view of Smith and Marshall of the mixed bag where different people participate in production to a common pool and keep the products for all but is a situation where individuals have control over resources (Sandri 13). While people were producing and living in communities in the past, in the current day, people adopted the issue of capitalism where they advocate for individualism. This means that they maximize profit on any opportunities they have and they are therefore, profit maximizing rather than building a community minded and working to maximize their satisfaction of all (Sandri 31). In the market, different factors that influence the production and exchange of products determine wages and profits individuals or organizations make. The amount of a product in the market is a key determiner of its cost because the law of supply and demand implies that t if the supply is high, and the demand is low, the product will cost little amount of money and the if demand is high and the supply is low, the price will be high. This means that when prices are high, the chances for profit will be high and the vice versa is true even in payment of products and services including labor. In the subjective theory of value, people involve themselves in activities that cause them to exploit the opportunities they have in their environment without disruption from the society. In this theory, reform is not required because it ensures that people have their position in exploiting the environment so that they can get rewards and benefits in a specific venture. In the subjective theory of value, distribution of income among people is not encouraged because different people play different individualistic activities and the benefits of it extend to the one who participated in it (Sandri 21). In the subjective theory of value, people concentrate on the capitalistic models of economic system in which people concentrate on the differen t things that happen in the society and cause competiveness in people. In this model of economy, according to Marx, competitiveness ensures that few have a lot of resources while a large number of people have less to accumulate for their own. This theory of economy ensures privatization of property such as land and capital to various privileged individuals in the society (Sandri 27). My social theory is that capitalism which advocate for individualism and the potential of each individual in establishing a system of production and distribution of benefits. In this model of production, people focus on improving their lives and in the process the economy of all the people are improved. Government laws provide a framework for people to exploit the resources around the economy as well as regulating potential for exploitation of citizen in the capitalistic system. The role of the government in a system of economy should be to ensure stability and sustainability of the system so that there is continuity of production in the economy. Economics is not a pure science that operates according to set out rules but it is a science that operates according to variations that exist within contexts. This implies that people exchange goods and services as determined by the conditions that prevail in the environment in which the processes are taking place. In recommending a policy, a